Junípero Serra, originally named Miguel José, was born
on November 24, 1713, in Petra, Majorca, Spain. His parents, Antonio Nadal Serra and Margarita Rosa Ferrer,
were farmers. Baptized at St. Peter's Church in Petra on
the same day, Junípero would go on to become a renowned figure in the history of California.
In his early years, Serra attended the primary
school run by the Franciscans in Petra. At the age of 15,
his parents entrusted him to a cathedral canon in Palma,
where he began attending philosophy classes at the Franciscan monastery of San Francisco.
Serra took his first step toward religious life when
he became a novice at the Convento de Jesús near Palma
on September 14, 1730. A year later, on September 15, he
made his profession and chose the name Junípero in honor of St. Francis' companion. Serra pursued his studies in
philosophy and theology at the Convento de San Francisco. The exact date of his ordination to the priesthood remains unknown, but it is believed to have occurred in December 1738. In 1742, he earned his doctorate in theology
from the Lullian University in Palma. Shortly after, in January 1749, he was appointed the primary professor of theology at the university and was called to serve as an Indian
missionary in America.
Serra's enthusiasm and dedication to spreading the
faith led him to volunteer for expeditions to Upper California in 1768. He embarked on the journey and reached
Loreto on April 1, where he oversaw the establishment of
15 missions, from San José del Cabo to Santa María. Serra's efforts continued as he founded nine missions in Upper California, including San Diego, San Carlos, San Antonio, San Gabriel, San Luis Obispo, San Francisco, San
Juan Capistrano, Santa Clara, and San Buenaventura.
Throughout his missionary work, Serra faced
health challenges, including leg and foot issues, which required him to be carried on a stretcher during certain parts
of his journey. Despite his physical afflictions, he dedicated the next 15 years of his life to evangelizing in Upper
California.
Serra passed away on August 28, 1784, at Mission
San Carlos, where he was buried in the church he had
constructed. By the end of 1784, the number of baptized
Indians at the first nine missions had reached 6,736, with
4,646 Christianized Indians residing in them.
Junípero Serra was known for his zeal, optimism,
and devotion to his converts. He fought for the freedom of
the Church against royal interference and played a significant role in the establishment and expansion of missions
in California. His beatification process began in 1934 and
concluded in 1949. He was beatified by Pope John Paul II
on September 25, 1988, and later canonized by Pope
Francis on September 23, 2015. Junípero Serra is widely
recognized as the Apostle of California, with numerous
monuments and memorials commemorating his legacy
along the Camino Real.